An African Snail a day keeps the doctor away

4755665610 d55fa22f70
Making Babies, a photo by goingslo on Flickr.

The author of this photo says, “Snails take about 30 minutes to position themselves for mating, then the act itself takes about 6.5 hours to complete… there is no such thing as a Snail Quickie”. It is further stated, “I was interested to learn about what the scientists call a “Love Dart” (which might be what you see protruding from the side of the snail on the right. Scientists are not yet sure what purpose this dart serves or whether it is a benefit to the dart-or or the dart-ee…”

If you do not eat snail meat, please leave this page immediately!

Well, this (the warning above) is what I wanted to receive as a forewarning from a site I landed accidentally. However, I came across a photo there (see below), and the info appended to it took me finally to Giant African Snail meat.

Woman selling land snails for Escargot in Abidjan wallpaper 300x225

An Ivorian woman selling African land snails for escargot in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, West Africa: wallpaper 1600x1200

Snails, including African Giant Land Snail, have been eaten for many thousands of years starting from the Pleistocene period. Snails in various cuisines have been popular in North Africa, especially in countries like Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, and the countries around the Mediterranean Sea for the past 12000 years. In several European countries, as a specialty food, snail eggs are sold as snail caviar.

The three species of commonly consumed food snails from the genus Helix are:

  • Helix pomatia (or the edible snail) is generally cooked along with its shell, with parsley butter.
  • Helix aspersa (the European brown snail) is cooked according to different local traditions of Mediterranean countries of Europe and North Africa.
  • Helix aspersa maxima species of snails typically found in North Africa are also a delicacy.

Snails are a delicacy in the French cuisine, escargots. Snails are prepared with traditional French recipes and served with the snail shells with garlic and parsley butter.

Portugal consumes about 4000 tons of snails annually. In Portuguese cuisine, caracóis, generally served in snack houses and taverns, is stewed with white wine, oregano, garlic, piri piri, coriander or parsley, and sometimes chouriço. The larger varieties of edible snails, caracoletas, are grilled and served with a butter sauce.

Spanish cuisine uses snails (caracoles, caragols or cargols) of snail species such as Otala punctata, Cryptomphalus aspersus, Helix pisana, and Helix alonensis. In Spain, small to medium-size snails are cooked in spicy sauces or in soups and eaten as an appetizer.

In Greece snails are very popular in Crete, and snails are also eaten in other regions, and can be bought alive, from supermarkets. They are eaten either boiled with vinegar, or cooked alive in a casserole with potatoes, tomato, squashes and other ingredients. Sea snails and limpets are also consumed as food in Greece. Another popular snail meat cuisine is the traditional Cretan dish Kohli Bourbouristi consisting of fried snails in olive oil with vinegar, salt, rosemary, and other eatables according to tastes and customs. Snails are also used in tavern menus of Cyprus.

In Sicily, snails (or babbaluci) are boiled initially with salt, and then served with tomato sauce or garlic, oil and parsley. Snails are also eaten in other Italian regions such as Sardinia.

Snail meat (or bebbux) prepared in the Sicilian cooking style is consumed in Malta.

In Germany, the Black Forest Snail Chowder (Badener Schneckensuepple) is a regional soup cooked with snails and herbs.

Snails in the wild are a protected species in almost every country, but Roman Snails and Garden Snails (Cornu aspersum) are reared for human consumption as food.

Though there is no common tradition of consumption of snails in Britain, common garden snails (Helix aspersa) have been eaten in the Southwick area of north east England. Snail suppers, consisting of various snail cuisines, have been a popular feature in local pubs.

In Africa the giant east African snails (Achatina fulica), are canned and sold to consumers. In parts of West Africa, especially in Ghana and Cote d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast), snails are treated as a delicacy. The species giant tiger land snails also known as the giant Ghana snails (Achatina achatina) is a species of very large, air-breathing land snail (a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk) are some of the largest snails in the world. In Morocco, small snails are eaten as snacks, usually, in spicy soup.

The commercial farming of snails for human consumption as food is called Heliciculture.

Snail meat has a higher percentage of protein than the meat of cattle, sheep, poultry, guinea pigs, fish, etc. And snail meat is rich in iron, amino acids, and it is very low in fats.

The glandular secretions from edible snails are of high therapeutic value against diseases such as whooping cough. In traditional, tribal and naturopathic medicine systems, the bluish liquid found in snails is used for the healthy growth of infants, and it is useful to combat high blood pressure.

According to legends, ancient Romans believed that snail meat had aphrodisiac properties, and it was regularly consumed by nobles. The high Iron content of snail meat is believed to combat anaemia. Also, snail meat was recommended for patients to cure ulcers and asthma.

Freshwater snails, sea snails and land snails provide a rich source of protein to people living in many regions around the world. In fact there is a flourishing trade of snail meat, the top consumers of edible snail meat being Belgium, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Ghana, Cote d’Ivoire, Morocco, Nigeria, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, parts of the United States, etc.

Because snails feed on decayed matter and leaves, their stomachs can sometimes contain be toxic matter. So, before cooked, snails are to be purged of harmful contents from their digestive systems, which can take several days. If it is not done correctly and professionally, snail meat can be toxic to humans.

Katsushika Hokusai: The Great Wave off Kanagawa

Katsushika Hokusai The Great Wave off Kanagawa

‘The Great Wave off Kanagawa’, first of the series ‘Thirty-six views of Mount Fuji’, color woodblock print by the Japanese ukiyo-e artist Katsushika Hokusai, 10 x 15 in, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

The Great Wave off Kanagawa (‘The Great Wave’, or ‘Behind the Great Wave at Kanagawa’), is a color woodblock print by the Japanese artist Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849). It is a great example of ukiyo-e art published in the period between 1830 and 1833 as a part of the artist’s famous series ‘Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji’. It is Hokusai’s most famous work, and one of the most celebrated pieces of Japanese art in the world.

‘The Great Wave’ depicts a huge okinami wave threatening three boats near Kanagawa prefecture in southern Kanto region of Honshu, Japan. This huge wave is sometimes incorrectly described as tsunami, but it is a large okinami (or, great off-shore wave).

The ukiyo-e art is created by using the Japanese art technique of printing art works from wood blocks. It originated in China and was introduced to Japan in the 8th century. Though it was initially intended for illustration of Buddhist texts, gradually ukiyo-e art found popular use for book illustration, and other purposes such as even advertisements.

An ukiyo-e artist creates single works with brushes on paper or silk, and uses the services of an engraver, who attaches the painting on a wood panel and carves it to form a relief of the painting. Depending on the colors in the painting, the engraver may produce a number of plates. Then prints are taken on paper by using these plates, sometimes thousands of prints before the plates are worn out.

Hokusai was born in 1760 in Katsushika, a district in the east of Edo (now Tokyo). He studied Japanese and Chinese styles of art as well as Dutch and French painting styles. He used to create landscapes, scenes of daily life, and even art works for advertisements and New Years’ cards.

Hokusai became famous in 1804 when he completed a 240 m x 240 m painting of the Buddhist monk Daruma during a festival in Tokyo. He became more popular when he published 15 volumes of sketches entitled ‘Manga’, which included images of the Buddha, people and places, animals, etc. Between 1826 and 1833 he published his most famous Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji.

The Great Wave off Kanagawa is a landscape (seascape, if you like to call it so) depicting three main elements such as the sea and the waves, boats and Mount Fuji.

The sea and waves are the dominant elements, with a huge okinami wave about to break, and rocking boats. It forms a circle and allows the spectator to view Mt Fuji in the background.

There are three boats shown braving the waves of the sea in Kanagawa prefecture of Japan. The sea is deified, and the waves are glorified. One can estimate the height and size of the waves using the boats as reference. The boats, the oshiokuri-bune which were used to transport live fishes, measure between 12 to 15 meters in length, and hence the huge wave might have had a height of 10 to 12 meters.

For the Japanese, Mount Fuji is a sacred mountain and a symbol of their national identity. The scene seemingly shows the early morning with the sun rising and illuminating the snow-clad peak of Mt. Fuji.

Hokusai has a one-word name without a last name. Katsushika is the name of the district where he was born. For this reason, or other reasons not known, he had used more than 30 different names throughout his career.

There are several copies of this woodblock print on display throughout the world, in museums such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York), the British Museum (London), the Guimet Museum, and the National Library of France, and also in several private collections.

As in the case of some other famous works of art, the Great Wave has been frequently copied using ukiyo-e techniques, photo-mechanical means, etc. No wonder then, The Great Wave off Kanagawa is also one of the most reproduced artworks in the world.

Aurora Borealis glow above Bear Lake, Alaska

Aurora Borealis above Bear Lake free widescreen wallpaper 300x187

Aurora Borealis shining above Bear Lake in Alaska, free widescreen wallpaper 1920 x 1200

The natural phenomenon known as aurora is a natural light display in the sky that occurs mainly in the ionosphere of the Polar Regions. Aurorae are caused by the collision of charged particles under the influence of the Earth’s magnetic field.

An aurora (auroras or aurorae in plural) is normally visible at night, mostly around the north pole (Arctic circle) and south pole (Antarctic circle) between 60 degrees and 72 degrees north and south latitudes. They are also called polar lights or polar auroras.

Aurorae in the Arctic region are known as aurora borealis, or northern lights. Visibility of aurora borealis is more near the North Magnetic Pole. When we see auroras near the magnetic pole, they may appear overhead, but from a farther place they appear to illuminate the northern horizon either as a bright greenish glow, or a faint red glow, as if the Sun were rising from there.

Auroras mostly occur near the equinoxes, around March 20/21 and September 22/23 each year. But high resolution and high quality photos were not available till recent times because of technological and other encumbrances in photographing auroras. In the present times, availability of powerful digital cameras and advanced technologies have made it easier to take pictures of polar lights. Also, some of the celebrated artists have created paintings of the northern light, like the famous painting named Aurora Borealis by Frederic Edwin Church.

Historically, aurora borealis have been observed from ancient times. Sometimes they were associated with myths, faiths, and even gods and spirits. For this reason, they were known by various names such as ‘Dance of the Spirits’ throughout history.

Polar auroras in the South Pole, known as aurora australis, are visible from high altitudes of the southernmost regions of South America, Antarctica, and Australasian regions of Oceania including Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, and the neighboring islands in the Pacific Ocean.

In fact auroras occur throughout the world and on other planets. But they are mostly visible in Polar Regions because of the longer duration of nights or darkness, and stronger magnetic fields, especially around the magnetic poles of the Earth.

The photo of the aurora borealis featured above was shot at Eielson Air Force Base (AFB), located about 42 km southeast of Fairbanks in Alaska, United States. The picture shows the aurora borealis glowing over Bear Lake on January 19, 2005 at 4.37 PM (U.S. Air Force photo by Senior Airman Joshua Strang).

According to the description embedded in the photo at the official website of the U.S. Air force, “the lights are the result of solar particles colliding with gases in Earth’s atmosphere”. The note says that the Early Eskimos and Indians associated various myths and legends about the ‘Northern Lights’. They believed the heavenly glows were souls of the fallen enemies trying to rise again, or they were souls of animals dancing in the sky.

The Bear Lake is in fact a lake formation located at Peninsula Borough on the Kenai Peninsula in Alaska, United States. The Bear Lake Formation is an important source of information for scientists to study geological information about the Miocene, a geological epoch of the Neogene Period, dating back to about 23.03 million years to 5.33 million years from the present times.

Note: The widescreen wallpaper above is designed using a public domain photo released by the U.S. Air force. You are free to download and use it as a computer desktop wallpaper, or display on your blog or website. It is also a cool background image for web-designers.

Clitoria ternatea: medicinal garden plant

Flower Clitoria ternatea butterfly pea Burkina Faso wallpaper 300x225

Flower of Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea) found in a garden in Burkina Faso, with croton leaves with reddish veins in the background

Clitoria ternatea, also known as butterfly pea, is a leguminous vine plant belonging to the Fabaceae family.

Clitoria ternatea is native to several countries in Southeast Asia and Australasia where tropical or equatorial type of climate is predominant. The plant can be found in Malaysia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, Burma (Myanmar), Indonesia, Maldives, etc.

Later, it has also been introduced to Australia and Africa. Similar looking other species of the genus Clitoria can be found in Brazil (Clitoria fairchildiana), Ecuador (Clitoria brachystegia), United States (Clitoria fragrans and Clitoria mariana), and Peru (Clitoria moyobambensis and Clitoria woytkowskii).

Clitoria ternatea, an herbaceous perennial plant, grows as a vine or creeper, and flourishes in moist neutral soil. Its solitary flowers are generally deep blue in color, mostly with a white patch towards the center. Some varieties of Clitoria ternatea produce white, pink or violet flowers. The flowers can measure about 4 cm long and 3 cm wide, and yield flat, beans-like seed pods, about 5 cm to 7 cm long, with 6 to 10 seeds in each seed pod.

Clitoria ternatea is grown as an ornamental plant or as a home garden plant that needs very little care. Being a leguminous plant, its roots have root nodules capable of nitrogen fixation. A genus of gram-negative soil bacteria Rhizobium, attached to the root nodules of Clitoria ternatea in an endosymbiotic association, converts atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia and adds nitrogenous compounds to the soil, and improves soil fertility.

In Southeast Asia, the flowers of this blue pea vine are used as an ingredient to color food items. The young or tender beans (seed pods) are edible and used in various cuisines, and medicinal preparations.

According to the ancient texts on traditional and herbal medicines, especially in Ayurveda and other Indian and Asian systems of natural medicines, various parts of Clitoria have therapeutic value.

Tests conducted on animals showed that methanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea roots have properties of nootropics, which are memory enhancers and cognitive enhancers. Therefore root extracts of this mussel-shell climber are used as food supplements, nutraceuticals, and functional foods to improve mental functions such as concentration, memory power, motivation, cognition, etc.

Another property of the extracts of the roots of Clitoria ternatea is it is an herbal medicine with anxiolytic properties. So it can be used as an antipanic or antianxiety agent for the treatment of anxiety and related psychological and other symptoms.

Some other uses of the root extracts of Clitoria ternatea are their utility as an antidepressant, and as an anticonvulsant that can be used for the treatment of epileptic seizures.

Clitoria ternatea root extracts are also reported to have been used for treatment of whooping coughs, and the extracts from the white-flowered plants are used for the treatment of goiter.

According to the Doctrine of Signatures, a common philosophy of the herbalists from ancient times, herbs that resemble human body organs can be used to cure diseases affecting such organs (though modern science treats it as a superstition). Based on this doctrine, and because of the resemblance of Clitoria ternatea flowers to the human female vulva, it has been used to cure sexual problems like infertility, sexually transmitted diseases like gonorrhea, to control menstrual discharge, and also as an aphrodisiac.

The shape of Clitoria ternatea flowers and its resemblance to the human female body part has inspired some of its names, including the generic part of the name ‘Clitoria’. In some Indian languages, it is named after a seashell, for instance it is called Sankhupushpam in Malayalam, and Sangu Pu in Tamil.

Some of the commonly used names of Clitoria ternatea are: blue pea vine, butterfly pea, mussel-shell climber, and pigeon wings in English; fula criqua in Portuguese; bunga telang in Malay; dok anchan in Thai; bunga telang and bunga biru in Bahasa Indonesia; aparajita in Hindi and Bengali; gokarna in Marathi; nagar hedi in Kannada; and sankhapushpi, mohanasini, vishadoshaghni, aparajita, shwetanama, Vishnukranta, ashwakhura, etc. in Sanskrit.

Photo by Marco Schmidt (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-2.5], via Wikimedia Commons. If you use this image for your blog, site, etc. it is available under the same licence.

Macaws: colorful New World parrots

500px Ara species x3  Wildwood  New Jersey 8a
Three Ara macaws on the Wildwood Boardwalk in Wildwood, New Jersey, USA: (from left to right) Scarlet Macaw, Blue-and-yellow Macaw, and Military Macaw, photo by LancerEvolution ; [CC-BY-2.0], via Wikimedia Commons

Macaws, often called New World parrots or Neotropical parrots, belong to 18 species of in six genera (Anodorhynchus, Ara, Cyanopsitta, Diopsittaca, Orthopsittaca and Primolius) of the true parrots (Psittacidae) family.

Macaws are gorgeously colorful fairly large birds, originally native to South America, Central America and Mexico. Their natural habitats are rainforests and savannas but they can also be found on some woodlands or even grasslands.

Hyacinth Macaws are the largest in terms of length and wingspan, and the heaviest macaws are Buffon’s Macaws.

Parrots are very popular cage birds because birds of some of the species are best-known imitators of human voice. It has been observed and scientifically verified and recorded that these birds can be trained to speak at least some words (parroting?)

Now, look at the photo below. It simply shows that they can be trained in other skills too. The photo shows one Macaw pulling the other seated in a chariot (specially designed chariot for this purpose).

500px Ara macaws with a small chariot at an exhibition 8
Ara macaws with a small chariot at an exhibition in Spain – a Scarlet Macaw is in the chariot pulled by a Blue-and-yellow Macaw, photo by The Torch (PapegøyeII Uploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC-BY-2.0], via Wikimedia Commons

Parrots are extremely intelligent birds, and they are known to have been trained by Circus companies for performing interesting stunts. I have seen a Russian circus that had trained and used some white pigeons in a show. Now, especially because some of these birds are in the list of ‘Endangered Species’, and because of the campaigns against their misuse by animal rights activists, several countries have enacted laws to prevent such use of animals and birds. Now see the photo below:

500px Ara macao  on a small bicycle 8
A Scarlet Macaw riding a small tricycle at an exhibition in Spain, photo by The Torch (Papegøye Uploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC-BY-2.0], via Wikimedia Commons

Macaws are quite friendly birds too. Look at the photo below. It also helps you to compare the size of the bird by comparing it with the head of a woman.

500px Scarlet Macaw %28Ara macao%29  Houston Zoo 8
Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) standing on a woman’s shoulder at Houston Zoo, USA: photo by Kitten Fleming (originally posted to Flickr as Scarlet Macaw) [CC-BY-2.0], via Wikimedia Commons

And look at the photo below in which three species of Ara macaws have become quite friendly with a visitor at Macaw Mountain Bird Park, Honduras.

500px Three macaws  Macaw Mountain Bird Park%2C Honduras 8e
Photo by Sarah and Jason (originally posted to Flickr as IMG_6981) [CC-BY-SA-2.0], via Wikimedia Commons

The Macaw Mountain Park is a business venture in the Caribbean island of Roatan, started in the 1980s by Mandy Wagner, who began rescuing parrots and toucans, and her private collection had over 40 birds of 15 species. In 1994, the American biologist and businessman Lloyd Davidson inherited. By the year 2000, the collection had over 100 birds of over 20 species.